Western-blotting (Foxo1) 
 
	- Culture cells (MEFs etc) in plate with 10 cm in 
	diameter, 37C, 5% CO2 incubator.
 
	- Starve the cells overnight for at least 18 hours with 
	medium containing no serum. 
 
	- Treat the cells with insulin (100 nm) or others for a 
	time period of 30 min.
 
	- Wash the cells with cold PBS twice. 
 
	- Add the cell lysis buffer (900 ul).
 
	- Place the cells in 4C cold room and shake for 30 min. 
	
 
	- Harvest the cells into 1.5 ml eppendof tubes.
 
	- Centrifuge the tubes at 14,000g for 10 min at 4 C.
 
	- Aspirate the supernatant for storage at –80C. 
	Otherwise continue experiments followed. 
 
	- Take 5 ul of the cell lysates for protein assay by Bio 
	Protein Assay Reagent. 
 
	- Take 52.5 ul of the cell lysates (around 20 ug of 
	protein) which is maximal volume (70 ul) for 10 well-mini-gel (15 mm thick) 
	and add 17.5 ul of 4* SDS loading buffer. Heat the sample at 100C for 5 min 
	and cool down at RT for 10 min before loading. Run the gel in SDS-Glycine 
	running buffer at 50V for 40 min and then 110 V for 2 hours. 
 
	- Transfer the protein from the gel to NC membrane in 
	Tobin buffer with 20 % methanol at 110V for 1 hour.
 
	- Block the membrane with 3% milk in Washing buffer for 
	1 hour at RT. 
 
	- Incubate the membrane with the primary antibody in 
	Blocking milk overnight at 4C. 
 
	- Wash the membrane three times with Washing buffer, 15 
	min each time. 
 
	- Incubate the membrane with secondary antibody in 
	Blocking milk at RT for 1 hour.
 
	- Wash the membrane three times with Washing buffer, 15 
	min each time. 
 
	- Add 2 ml of ECL solution (1:1) to each membrane for 1 
	min. 
 
	- Expose the film for 25 seconds or more and develop the 
	film.